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black drongo
The black drongo (''Dicrurus macrocercus'') is a small Asian passerine bird of the drongo family Dicruridae. It is a common resident breeder in much of tropical southern Asia from southwest Iran through India and Sri Lanka east to southern China and Indonesia. It is a wholly black bird with a distinctive forked tail and measures in length. Feeding on insects, it is common in open agricultural areas and light forest throughout its range, perching conspicuously on a bare perch or along power or telephone lines. The species is known for its aggressive behaviour towards much larger birds, such as crows, never hesitating to dive-bomb any bird of prey that invades its territory. This behaviour earns it the informal name of king crow. Smaller birds often nest in the well-guarded vicinity of a nesting black drongo. Previously considered a subspecies (''Dicrurus adsimilis macrocercus'') of the African fork-tailed drongo (''Dicrurus adsimilis''), it is now recognized as a full species.
The black drongo has been introduced to some Pacific islands, where it has thrived and become abundant to the point of threatening and causing the extinction of native and endemic bird species there.
==Taxonomy and systematics==
The black drongo was once considered a subspecies of the fork-tailed drongo (''Dicrurus adsimilis''),〔〔 a close relative that diverged relatively recently.〔 The two are now considered distinct species,〔〔 with the fork-tailed drongo restricted to Africa and separated from the Asian range of the black drongo.〔〔
Seven subspecies have been named〔 but the largely contiguous populations show clinal variation and intergrade with each other. Individuals from northern India (ssp. ''albirictus'') are larger than those from the Sri Lankan population ''minor'' while those from the peninsular India (nominate subspecies) are intermediate in size. Race ''cathoecus'' is found in Thailand, Hong Kong and China. This race has a much smaller rictal spot and the wings are dark with a greenish gloss.〔 In southern Siam a race ''thai'' is resident, but overlaps with wintering ''cathoecus''. Race ''javanus'' is found on the islands of Java and Bali. Race ''harterti'' found in Formosa has the tail length less than the wing.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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